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Student loans in New Zealand
A non-refundable means-tested student allowance for living expenses can be claimed by students who are over 25 years old or whose parents have a low income. This criteria has caused anger among student bodies who point out that it excludes many self-sufficient adults from help due to parental income levels, and also that by age 25 most people have completed tertiary education.
Loans are repaid by a 10% tax surcharge on income, once the student graduates and is employed. There is a minimum income level, roughly equivalent to the unemployment welfare benefit payment rate, that is exempt from assessment.
From 2001, all full-time students have been exempt from interest while studying, and from 2006 all borrowers resident in New Zealand have been exempted interest.
Loan recipients who leave New Zealand are assessed on their worldwide income for repayment purposes, with a minimum annual payment being required. Loan repayents are suspended on request for those on no /low income overseas, however interest still accumulates. From March 22nd 2007, the government is introducing a three year 'loan repayment holiday' for those overseas. In practice this is a uniform extension of the previous ability to waver repayments until a later date. As before interest accumulates during this period.
In recent years, large student loan debts have meant that a majority of graduates have sought higher paying overseas work instead of remaining in New Zealand. This has led to skill shortages ('brain drain') in some professions as local employers have been unwilling or unable to match international salaries. Medical-related professions have been particularly hard hit due to recent graduates, having high loan debts, and health employers, having tightly controlled government funding.
The loan system has changed and modified since its inception in 1992. Initially it provided bulk payments to students and charged lower then market interest rates from initial drawdown. This led some entrepreneurial students to use this money for investment purposes benefiting them but leading to a widespread perception of student excesses. In 2001 a growing debt mountain caused the new Labour government to stop interest payments while students studied and in 2006 they rode to election on the promise of stopping interest for all those remaining in New Zealand.
There is a lot of anger and frustration over the NZ loan system, especially from early generations of borrowers (1992-2001). These students consider themselves the 'guinea pigs' of the loan system, who were charged compounded interest from initial drawdown and then watched as future generations had interest removed completely. This generation suffered from a lack of education about the consequences of debt, and a lack of role-models to look to for advice. It is no coincidence that some of the hardest hit by previous versions of the loan system were from the poorer families the system was suppossed to 'enable'.
The student loan system has suceeded in turning New Zealand into a highly educated economy. However it has also led to a capitalist minded workforce who frequently leave their home country in order to pursue the better career and loan repayment options available overseas.
